在建造业界,现金流是企业营运的关键[1]。为了保证建筑施工企业的稳健运行、改善现金流,确保建筑项目的总承包商、分包商、供应商等各级都能及时获得付款,英国、澳大利亚、新加坡、马来西亚、爱尔兰和加拿大都已经实施了付款保障条例[2]。香港政府也计划引入《建造业付款保障条例》(Security of Payment Legislation, SOPL),从而迅速解决建造业“拖付欠款”的问题、确保工程合同付款争议被及时处理。
考虑到现阶段香港《建造业付款保障条例》尚未正式立法[3],且立法需时,香港政府发展局于2021年10月5日发出了6/2021号工务技术通告[4],明确在香港公共工程合约[5]中实施付款保障条款(Security of Payment Provisions in Public Works Contract),在《建造业付款保障条例》立法前提供一个过渡性机制。(香港公共工程合约指:政府和指定的法定机构/公共机构或者公司,为了采购建筑工程或者相关货物和服务而签订的所有建筑合同[6]。)该通告已于发布之日即时生效[7]。特别值得注意的是,适用付款保障条款的香港公共工程合约中部分涉及承包合同上下游之间采用的“背靠背条款”将被认定为“无效且不可执行(ineffective and unenforceable)”。
[2] Background of the Circular: Legislations similar to the Security of Payment Legislation have been enacted in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, Ireland and Canada.
[3]https://www.devb.gov.hk/filemanager/technicalcirculars/en/upload/386/1/C-2021-06-01.pdf Page 1 of Annex A
[7]*C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 1 “This Circular shall take immediate effect.”
[8]同注释5.
[9]*C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 1 of Annex C, “The following SOP Provisions are to be incorporated in public works contracts.”
[10]同注释5。
[11]*C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 5.
[12] *C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 6 of the Circular
[13]*C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 8 of the Circular
[14]*C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 3: As formulated in the SOP Framework, the parties’ autonomy to agree on their terms of contract in respect of contract payments and dispute resolution mechanism is respected except for the following.
[15]*C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 5 of Annex C.
[16] *C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 6 of Annex C: 8. Consequences of not serving payment responses: if the employer does not serve a payment response on or before the date referred to in SOP Clause 7(2), the employer is regarded as disputing in full the claimed amount; but will not be able to raise any set off in any adjudication in relation to the payment claim concerned.
[17] 同注释13
[18](2021)最高法民申1286号建设工程施工合同纠纷案件
[19](2020)新民终45号建设工程施工合同纠纷案件
[20] 审裁机制发展中的法律问题-中国法院网 (chinacourt.org)
[21] C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 14 of Annex C.
[22] C-2021-06-01.pdf (devb.gov.hk) Page 19 of Annex C.